Lean Environmental Solutions

Guide · Georgia

Staying connected when networks fail

How a village, a farm or a pasture can keep talking when there's no signal, or when a flood, mudflow, earthquake or power cut takes the network down.

Who and when

The World Bank's Log-in Georgia programme had connected 90,000+ people by July 2025, with 700+ more mountain villages planned. Disasters can cut power and towers at the moment people most need to talk.

Right now

Right now (autumn 2026)

  • The 112 app can send your location by SMS when you have no data. We found no public phone alert system that sends one warning to every phone.
  • Starlink is authorised (since July 2022).
  • iPhone satellite SOS doesn't work here.
Before

Before: get ready

Start with people, not gadgets. Most of this is free.

1. A human network (free, this month)

  1. Name a warning team: one lead and one backup for each street or hamlet.
  2. Write a phone tree on paper. Put it up at the school, mosque or church, and the shop.
  3. Agree two meeting points: one high, one away from the river and slopes.
  4. Agree one signal everyone knows: a bell, a siren or a horn.
  5. Practise once, and time it from the first call to the last household. Then find the slow step and fix it.

2. Phones ready for no-data days (low cost)

  1. Install a free offline map (Organic Maps) and download your region before anything happens. Mark the meeting points.
  2. One power bank per household, charged every week. A solar or wind-up charger for the warning team. In Nepal's 2015 earthquake, charging ran out before radios did.
  3. When networks are busy, send a short text instead of calling.
  4. Know where the "signal hill" is. A WhatsApp message written offline sends by itself when you reach signal.
  5. Turn on emergency alerts in your phone's settings; some phones come with them off.

3. Radios for the pasture (check the rules first)

  1. Before buying any radio, ask ComCom (comcom.ge) in writing. Ask whether licence-free walkie-talkies (PMR446, 446 MHz, 0.5 W) and LoRa radios (433 or 868 MHz) may be used, and whether they must be registered. We couldn't confirm either is legal in Georgia.
  2. If allowed: licence-free walkie-talkies for herders and the village lead. Their range is short among hills, so test them from the actual pasture.
  3. If LoRa is allowed: a small Meshtastic text network. Put one solar-powered relay on a high point between the village and the pasture, and give a few people handheld units. Use the free Meshtastic Site Planner first. Write down whether messages arrived, how long they took and from where.

Later, with partners

  • An offline server at the school (Kiwix or Internet-in-a-Box on a small Raspberry Pi computer) with these guides, first aid and local maps. It works with no internet at all.
  • A community Wi-Fi network, like the one in Tusheti (12 solar masts; the only connection for over half its villages).
  • Starlink at one shared place, such as the school or clinic, where it's legal and affordable.
  • Links with a local amateur radio club and the Georgia Red Cross branch.
During

During: when it hits

  1. Follow the phone tree and the agreed signal. Go to the meeting point if told to.
  2. Text, don't call. Keep messages short: who, where, what's needed.
  3. Save battery: dim the screen, use airplane mode between messages, close apps.
  4. If there's no signal, send a runner to the signal hill or the next village.
  5. Use radios only on the channels agreed beforehand.
After

After: recover

First days

  • Check that every household on the phone tree has been reached. Note who wasn't.
  • Charge phones and power banks at any working power point, and share chargers.

First weeks

  • Hold a short meeting: what worked, what was slow, who was missed. Fix the phone tree and the plan.
  • Replace or repair anything that failed: chargers, radios, the relay on the hill.
Build back better

Build back better

  • Make the drill a habit, once before each risky season.
  • Add a second way to reach every household: a neighbour, a runner, a radio.
  • Put the guides and maps on an offline server at the school.

What the farm check looks for

Herders who spend the summer on pastures with no signal, villages with a single road or a single tower, and farms where the farmer is the only one with a phone.

Get a free farm check

Sources